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Tuesday, May 27, 2014

Mara Thaona Phôhpa tawhta Marapa Chithâtih nata Hro Alaichadaina


(He châpaw he Mara Student Association Kôto Mekazi Mara Deiva 2012 ta a papua)


 1. Biehmia: Mara thaokeina phôhpa

Marapasawzy za thaokeina phôhpa ropa cheingei ta hmô thei awpata a y tuachaipa cha NE Parry ropa The Lakhers châbu liatapa he a châ thlyu aw. Parry ta hehawhta Mongyuh reih ta kô 1932 liana kha ta a vaw ro:

Long ago, before the great darkness called Khazohrâh fell upon the world, men all came out of a hole below the earth. As the founder of each Mara group came out of the earth he called out his name. Tlôsaih called out, “I am Tlôsaih”; Zyhno called out, “I am Zyhno”; Hawthai called out, “I am Hawthai”; Sabyh called out, “I am Sabyh”; Heima called out, “I am Heima.” Accordingly God thought that a very large number of Maras had come out and stopped the way. When the Lusheis came out of the hole, however, only the first to come out called out, “I am Lushei,” and all the rest came out silently. God, only hearing one man announce his arrival, thought that only one Lushei had come out, and gave them a much longer time, during which Lusheis were pouring out of the hole silently in great numbers. It is for this reason that Lusheis to this day are more numerous than Maras. After all men had come out of the hole in the earth, God made their languages different, and they remain so to this day (Parry 1932:4. Parry ta khi moh a ro pado leipazy âdopa hawhta sopa a châ).


He phôhpa he Mara reih ta ama za rei tyh zie cheingei hawhta so thei ei kho kaw. Châhrasala, ama rei dâh cheingei ei thei khao leipa vâta Mongyuh reih lâtapa he Mara reih ta tlâ palie eimâ chhuah aw:

Kha…hlâ nota, Khazohrâh ama tahpa zocharu khizaw liata a vaw tlô hlâ daihti liana kha ta, chyhsa zydua he alei ry lâta leikhaoh tawhta a kaw puapa eima vaw châ khai. Marapa chi maniah pathlatuhpazy chhao, he leikhaoh tawhta kaw pua hra ei ta, ama mohchhuahna chôta ama kaw pua. Tlôsaih ta, “Keima na, Tlôsaih na…” tahpata a moh a chhuahna chôta kaw pua ta; Zyhno ta, “Keima na, Zyhno na…” tah ta; Hawthai ta, “Keima na, Hawthai na…” tah ta; Sabyh ta, “Keima na, Sabyh na…” tah ta; Heima ta, “Keima na, Heima na…” tahpata ama moh achhuah chôta ama kaw pua lymâ. Chahawhta moh amâ chhuah lymâna ao cha Khazohpa ta thei ta, “Marapasaw a hluhpi ama kaw pua haw chu, â daih bâ aw” tah ta Marapasaw a kaw pua via awpa zydua a pakhâ haw ei. Lushei nawh deikua cha, a kaw pua tuachaipa ngalah ta, “Keima na, Lushei na…” tahpata a moh a chhuah ta, ahropazy cha ama reih leipata ama kaw pua lymâ. Pakha mohchhuapa ao deita Khazohpa ta a theipa vâta, “Lushei nawh cha pakha deita a kaw pua chy chu” tah ta, ama kaw pua nawpa daihti vâropi tlai a pahypa ei. Cha chhôh ta, Lushei nawh cha a ty a ty ta kaw pua lymâ ei ta, saihzaw tlai ama kaw pua hmâ haw. Atanoh Lushei nawh Marapa hlâta ama hluh via syulyuna chhâpa chhao he, he vâna heta a châ. Chatanachata, chyhsa zydua leikhaoh tawhta ama kaw pua khai tawhta, Khazohpa ta ama reihzy panano ta, chahawhna tlai cha ta atanoh taihta a y lymâ.

He phôhpa liana he dua maw Lialai, Chapi-Ngiaphia, Lochei, Vyhtu nata Lyutu Marapa chi nata kaokâhzy amâ hlao vei, tahpata hiahrina chhao â tao thei aw. Hehawhta, atanoh ta Marapa chi zydua pahlao khaipa a châ leipa vâta Zohra ta cha Parry phôhpa he Mara thaokeina achuna châta phôhpa a pahnieh nawpa châta hmâ hmeihseih thai awpa châ vei, a tah (Zohra 1995:15-17). Zohra reipa he âdona kao a y. Anodeikua, he article rohtuhpa ta cha he phôhpa heta Marapa chi zydua a pahlao khai thlah hapata ei pahno. Hlâ viano nata Parry daihti rachhôh cheingei chhao kha ta “Sabyh” tahpa chi liata atanoh ta Chapi-Ngiaphia, thokha ta a hlykhu ta Sizô ama tahpa, chi nata kao zydua he a pahly khai. Lyutu chhao Saby kao reina liana heta a pa-ôsa papa a châ aw, Chapi-Ngiaphia kao nah ta a hnia kawpa ama châpa vâta. Parry reih a paliepatuhpa cheingei kha Vyhtu reih a cheihpa a châpa hawhta reipa a châ. A yzie cha Marapa dopa tlai ta, Parry reih kha â palie. Vyhtu chi nata kao he Hawthai kao liata ama pahlao pâ hawpa vâta a châ thei. Lôchei chi nata kao chhao Hawthai kao liata ama pa-ôsa pâ cheingei aw. Mara reihkah liata chhaota Lôchei-Hawthai eima za tah tyh. Chavâta pachhaih thai hmeihseih awpa châ veih ei. Lialai chi chhao Zyhno kao liata pa-ôsa pâpa a châ thei hra. Chavâta, he eima thaona phôhpa ta “ahyma Marapa cha a châ” tahpa hehawhta â i kawpata maniah a chho. Tlôsaih-Siaha, Zyhno-Lialai-Heima, Lôchei-Hawthai, Chapi-Ngiaphia, Vyhtu nata Lyutu chi nata kaokâhzy ta Marapa phopi cha eima padua khoh zie nah ta, hezy tlai he Marapasaw cha eima châ zie maniah chho ta, hehawhta â vaw duana he a tliata liata a vaw duahpa châ leipata, he chi nata kaokâh zy ama pi daihti liata Mara tahpa phopi chhao he a vaw pi pâ hapa a châ zie maniah a chho hra.

Phôhpa liata “Lushei” tahpa he Parry reihkah châ sa la pangiasa â chhih. Marapa ta atanoh ta “Lushei/Lusei” eima tah penawh he “Tlaikaonawh/Tlaikaopa,” a châ vei khiah, “Mawnawh/Mawpa” tahpata eima za aw tyh. “Lushei/Lusei” tahpa reihkah za hmâh beih mapi. “Tlaikaopa” tahpa he a chanô a chapaw ta po a chyu kawpata amâ saipa reina châ sa la pangiasa â chhih. Mara chanôzy ta ama padih taihta hno nata poh amâ saipa nata chapawzy ta dua eimâ peipa nata eima padi taihta poh eimâ bupa zy nata ânanona reina a châ chai thlyu aw. “Mawpa” tahpa deikua he cha maw lâta a pahrâpazy reina tlâ a châ chai.  Kha daihtino kha Mawnawh kha “Lushei/Lushai” tahpa ta Mongyuh sawhkha ta pahno ei ta, chavâta Mara nôpawzy ta ama phôhpa reina liata “Lushei” tahpa reihkah ama hmâ leipa chhaota, “Tlaikaonawh/Mawnawh” tlao ama tah hripa chhaota, NE Parry, Lushai Hills Suprintendent, kha ta ano kho ta “Lushei” tahpa ta a vaw ripa a châ aw.

 2. Marapa he mohchhuahna chôta a vaw pihpa eima châ

Eima phôhpa tawhta mopata, Marapa he mohchhuahna chôta a vaw puapa eima châ. Moh a chhuahpa he abei zy, chyhsa riah phapa nata pasai pha zy za tao tyhpa a châ. “Keima ei lai chai, ei bei chai, ei tlô chai, ei riah a pha chai, ei chipa y vei, nâ ngâhpa nama y khiahta cha vaw pua teh u” tah ta pahaona a châ chai. Hladyuhzy liata chhaota mohchhuahpa he a liahmari chaipa a châ tyh. Ama moh a chhuah pâna chôta ama kaw pua zie tawhta mopata, hlâno Marapasaw kha chyhsa riah phapa nata thatlôpa, pasaipha, ama chipa zâ y leipa ama za châ zie a palâsa. Mohchhuahna chôta a vaw pihpa chi eima châ. Chariah adyuhna liata eima mahnô-mahpawzy ama riah za pha zie nata thatlô zie zy kha British sawhkhâ cheingei ta noah tah ta, a chi chhao maniah ama za chi kaw ei aw.

Pheisaih molaipa, Lieutenant T Latter ta Marapasaw eima riah pha zie hehawhta a ro: He rachhôh chizy hry liata ama tha a tlô chaipa cha Shendoos (Mara) nawh ama châ. Eima ryureina râh khô lâta y ei ta, ama thâtih pahno tu leipa pi ta, eima ryureina ry liata a ypa chizy amâ dyuh tyhna nata ama pahnie tyh zie tawhta ama thâtih pahno pih ta. Hrâ siena liata chatlie ngâsâ thlah ha ei ta, hmô hmâ awpa châ leipa ei ta, ama sie hnaohpa maih ama pahnie leipa y veih ei, tah theipa tlu ama châ. Chi hropazy pachârôh thlahzopa ta ama so (Parry 1932:6). Colonel Phayre nata Parry ano cheingei chhaota Marapa chi cha chi riah phapa nata thatlôpa eima châ zie nata chi hropazy ta maniah ama za chi ngaita zie zy ama reih hra (Parry 1932:7, 9). TH Lewin chhochhi ta cha, chavawh hnawh la ei khy khiahta cha ei zâ lie heih khao nah ta pangiasa va na; Marapasawzy ta ei luh tai aw ei ta, atôh liata ama tawh haw aw. He Marapazy he, chyhsa chi hropa ama chipa a y leipa cha rei lei ta, khachhie vâhrupa (devil) hmâhta a chi leipa ama châ (Lewin 1870:157).

Lewin ta Marapasawzy ta a luh ama ama tai awpa kyh a reina tawhta mopata, Marapasawzy he Mongyuh reih ta “head-hunting” (chyhsa luh a tluapa, a taipa) chi ama tahpa eima châ hra aw khiah maw, tah thei’pa a châ. Hehe Mara châthaipa thokha pachâ dâh chhao a châ ei aw (pakhona ta Zohra 1995). Châhrasala, eima mahnô-mahpawzy kha “head-hunter” (chyhsa luh a tluapa) ama za châ hmeihseih ma, tahpa he a pha kawpata a chu awpa a peimawhpata â lâ. NE Parry ta cha Mara pasaiphazy kha a châh ta cha chariah luhzy tai ei ta, ia awpata Mara rah la ama phaoh tyh tlai ei aw; chahrasala, chariah luh phao awpa kha hrâ ama siena chhâ chaipa châ vei, tahpata a reih. Parry reipa he âdona kao a y. Marapasawzy ta hrâ ama sie tyhna chhâ chaipa kha chyhsa luh tlua awpa hrahro vâta châ leipata, thih nata sôh pakhy awpa, chyhsa sei ta patu awpa nata ama pahnie hawpa khihzy chhie ama khei tyh thei nawpata a châ via chaipata â lâ. Atlia liata Vâkô chhaota, ngiatlâh châ kawpata mahnô-mahpawzy kha chyhsa luh zâ tluapa châ veih ei; chariah luh la ama vaw phaoh tyh tlai thlyu aw; châhrasala, chariah ama pahnie hawna phuah nawpa châta ama vaw phaopa a châ chai, a tah hra (Vâkô 2006). A kheihhawhpa a châpa chhaota, chariah luh tai ta ama vaw phao hawpa vâ hrahro ta, head-hunter hawhta rei thei awpa a châna kao cha a tlai hra. Achu via awpa a peimawh kawpata â lâ.

Marapa he mohchhuahna chôta vaw pih pi ta, eima mahnô-mahpawzy kha riah phapa, thatlôpa nata tiamapa za châ ei ta, cha ama châna cha khizawpi ta a pahno awpata ama moh thata ama zâ chhuah tyh. Atanohta Marapasawzy chhao pi heta eima moh eimâ chhuah thei pazao lymâ awpa a peimawh ngaitakaw. Eima moh eimâ chhuah thei vei khiahta cha Marapa dopa châ khao mapi, tahna tlu a châ aw. Atanoh ta eima moh eimâ chhuah nawpa dâh deikua cha hehawhta a châ:

Keimo na, Marapasaw na,
Krista lyu na, hro pha chai na,
Tiama chai na, pathaih chai na,
Ado chai na, ngâchhih chai na,
Châthai chai na, zôthai chai na.

3. Marapasawzy pi he reih eihpa hnei pih ta, chi eihpa eima châ

Marapa chi he, phopi hlôpa nata phopi rôhnahpa eima châ zie, he eima phôhpa heta maniah a chhopasia hmeihseih. Atahmâta Mararâh eima zâ ngiana kô 600-700a  vaw sie chiehpa rachhôh liata vaw châ sa la, cha hlâ pi tawhta Marapa chi he â vaw duah haw, tah theipa a châ. Eima thaona phôhpa tawhta mopata, chyhsapa a y pathao noh tawhta Marapasawzy he chi eihpata a vaw y hawpa eima châ. Biehrai lâ tawhta nata chyhsa a vaw thaona science lâchhâh tawhta mopata la, hehe a py a ru kaw thei aw. Châhrasala, he eima phôhpa ta maniah a chhopa cha hehe a cha: Marapa chi he atlia liata a vaw pihpa châ leipata, chi eihpa ta eimâ vaw dua tawhta a reipi a tah hawpa, chi hlô ngaitapa eima châ zie a palâsa. Mongyuh reih ta, “time immemorial” tah ei ta, cha yzie cha, kô nata daihti zy a laichadai thei hlâ tawhta chi eihpa ta a vaw y hawpa eima châ. Chin-Kuki ama za tahpa, eima chheipâh liata tlâh-râh chyhsazy nah ta eimâ nano kawna chhao rei awpa a hluh kaw. Âmo cha “lôkhaoh” (Chinlung) tawhta a kaw puapa hawhta â reih ei ta, Marapa deikua cha leikhaoh tawhta tlao eima kaw pua hri. Mara reih he ao thôh hnei ta, eima bie nata mohchho zydua vowel ta (pakah âpata) pachhâ khaipa a châ. Hehawhpa reih he Chin-Kuki reihzy hry liata a y leipa hawhta pahnopa a châ.

Marapa he eima chheipâh liata a pahrâpa chi hropazy nata thata ananopa chi eima châ zie nata, eima reih chhao anano eih pachaipa a châ zie he missionaryzy nata British sawhkhâ nata India sawhkhâ officerzy hmô dâh chhao a châ hra (Lorrain, RA 1912:64; Lorrain, JH 1940:vii; Parry 1932:8, passim; Barkataki 1969:82-83). Lewin chhochhi ta cha, Marapasawzy he ama chheipâh chi hropazy nah ta a nano eih pachai ei ta, ama khihsa tôhtu zie nata ama sawhkhâna zy mopata chi chyhnawhpa (tribe) châ leipata chi laipa nata phopi (nation) na tlao ama lyu via hri, tahpata a rei (Lewin 1870:190, 281).

Eima za puana leikhaoh kha Zohra ta cha atanoh Myanmar râh maw-notla lâ liata a ypa Chindwin chavah by liata y sa la a pangiasa (Zohra 1995:15-17). Marapa chi he Mongoloid chi hry liatapa châ hra pih ta, Tibeto-Burman group liatapa eima châ hrapa hawhta Mara scholar zydua rô ta ama pachâ khai. Chahawhta a châ khiahta cha, atanoh ta Chhaina râh chho-nochhi lâ he eima mahnô-mahpawzy za pahrâ tuana râh a châ thlyu aw. Cha yzie cha, Marapa chi he atanoh ta Mararâh eima zâ ngia tawh deitata Marapa chi a vaw châpa châ leipa pi ta, Chhaina chho-nochhi liata eima y no tawhta Marapa a châ hawpa eima châ, tahna a châ.

Chi thokha ta ama reih pahlei haw hra ei sa la, Marapasawzy châta cha chi nata reih zy he ama sie khoh lymâ. Chi hlôpa, phopi hlôpa nata phopi rôhnahpa eima châpa hawhta, âthaona tawhta reih eihpa nata reih hlôpa ahneipa eima za châ zie eima phôhpa ta maniah a chho. Mara reih he, reih pha kawpa, reih ngia kawpa, reih thlôh kawpa, reih nai kawpa nata reih hneirô kawpa a châ. Châ ro nawpa nata hla phi nawpazy châ ta a lo zie pha ta, zai nata ia chhao a hnei pha ngaita kaw. Vânoh eima to hmeihseih. Atanoh deikua Mara reih heta chariah lai ngaitapa sâthôh â daoh ngâ kaw.

A chariahpa sâkhana nata thatlô chaipa cha Maw reih a châ. Hehe Notla Mararâh (West Maraland – India Mararâh) liata chariah a châ. Maw reih ta Mara reih cha hrâ vaw siehnaoh ta, azyh azyh ta a vaw pahnie pathao laih ngâ kawpa a lyu. Mara reih chariah laipa sânona nata sâthôhnazy cha Kaoh reih (Burmese) nata Lai reih zy ama châ. He chariah sânona nata sâthôhna zy he Nochhi Mararâh (East Maraland – Myanmar Mararâh) liata Mara reih hrâ a vaw siehnaohpazy ama châ.  Maw reih tlu ta chariah laipa cha châ leipa ei ta, châhrasala, a rakhapata Mara reih ta a taokhei kaw hra. Châhrasala, thâtihpha a y. Atlia tawhta Nochhi-Notla Marapasaw zy hry liata Mara reih pasôna nata ahrana thata kaw pua ta, Mara reih cha lei hryuh khao aw vei. MTP, MSO, MSA, MChp, Marapa awnanopazy nata eima Mararâh sawhkhâna zachhihpa, Mara Autonomous District Council zy ta Mara reih chei lyh-lia ta ro lyh-lia awpa khâchâ eimâ chhuah hawpa vâta Mara reih cha lei khao aw vei. Eima palaiseihsa via lymâ awpa vâta Mara reih he tlyzaw ta â duah aw. Khizaw chhâ tita chhaota, Marapasawzy ta Mara reih ta eima moh a chhuah cheingeipa ta Khizaw eima pachhâ aw.

Chahawhta a châ nota, he deikua he eima pahno awpa a peimawh kaw. Atanohta Mara châ he Tlôsaih-Siaha reih liata abôpata taopa châ ta, chavâta Tlôsaih-Siaha reih ama cheipa a thei beih leipa nata a thei hluh leipa, a eihpachaipata Nochhi Marapa zy châta cha a châ nawpa dâh hawhta ro thai nawpa chhao a ru kaw thei aw. Hehawhpa kyh liata a seisâpa tlyma, a pahneisao parâsaopa tlyma tao lei paw sih la, Mara reih tiama kawpata a roh lyh-liapazy cha a kheihhawhta ama ro hawpa chhaota a lykhei kaw ei suh u! A cheina kyh liata deikua eima kaokâh reih chyu ta eima chei pazao lymâpa pei tah tlâ lei paw sih la, Marapa zydua ta Mara reih zydua thei khai a chhuah cheingei ei suh u. He article rohtuhpa he Chapi-Ngiaphia kao reih a hmâhpa châ ta, cha chôna cha ta, Mara reih hropa zydua – Vyhtu reih, Lyutu reih, Lôchei-Hawthai reih nata Zyhno-Lialai-Heima reih zy a thei khai. Tlôsaih-Siaha reih cha Mara châ a pahniena a châpa vâta rei byuh leipa hawhta pachâ sih la.

Mohchho tawhta eima chi châna chhao â lâ thei hra. Chavâta Marapasawzy ta cha Mara moh eima hnei cheingei awpa a peimawh kaw. Mongyuh reih ta eimâ bipa chhaota Mara reih pakaoh pâ cheingei sih la, Maw reih nata Lai reih zy ta moh a phaoh hawpazy chhaota eima pho moh chhâ Mara reih ta roh ei suh u. Mara moh ta bipa eima châ khiahta cha siku liata nata sawhkhâ liata chhao eima Mara moh hawhta a sie lymâ awpa a pha. Mara moh a bi dâh tyhpa nata mohchho hluhvia zydua cha hawh-rawh sânopa a za châ. Pakhona ta, Hlihchhy, Hlyâh. Hawh-rawh sâthôh, sâpalih ahneipazy chhao a viachhie tata a za y tyh hra. Pakhona ta, Vazôhpa, Liahvawrinô. Chavâta eima moh a bi dâh zy chhao he Marapa chi za tao tyh zie hawhta tao pazao lymâ awpa a peimawh ngaita kaw. Pakhona ta, United State of America High School result vaw pua sa la, a thai chaipa sâkhana cha Puhpa Hlihchhy Choza sawchanô Hly-âh Choza tahpata â vaw ro khiahta cha Marapa a châ tahpa thlai ta eima pahno thei ha aw. Hlawn Ang Chinzah tahpata â vaw ro khiahta cha, henawh chhôhkha a pahnopasiapazy na tah deileipata cha Marapa a châ tahpa pahno khao aw mapi. Nochhih Marasawzy châ chhaota, Mara moh he Lai moh hlâta chhaota Kaoh reih ta â hnia thei chaina hawhta â ro thai viapata â lâ.

Eima moh liata pho pahlao pâpa nata palâsa pâpa he thokha ta Marapa a pôhkhana nata a kho veichâhna châta pakhâpadeituhpa a châpa hawhta pachâ ei ta, moh liata pho pahlao pâ lei awpa a pha viapata ama pahno. Châhrasala, â thu viapata eima pachâ khiahta cha, eima phozy he eima châna (identity), eima thari nata thaona (root) nata eima chithâtih (history) zy châ ei ta, chavâta pahlei awpa he hmo pha chaipa châ thlyu aw vei. Hehawhta eima pho eima palâsa pâ cheingeipa heta Marapa eima châna thlai ta a chaluah hapa a châ. Krizyhpa sai eima châ habapa vâta pho vâta a palaipa tlyma, a pasâhsa viapa tlyma, pho hropazy mohnaopa tlyma, keimo nata keimo a mohnaopa tlyma eima tao awpa châ vei. Â khopa sai na eima châ tahpa khâ a thei awpa a châ.

Eima khih moh, chavah moh, tlâh moh nata ahropa moh Maw reih ta tlyma, Lai reih ta tlyma so hawhpa zydua chhao he Mara reih cheingei ta so khai ha awpa a pha. Chhaolô tlai ta Chhuarlung tah laihpa zy, Sabyhpi tlai ta Sabawngpi tah laihpa zy he a pei ngaita kaw. Hlihchhy tahpa â ngia kawpa tlai ta, Hlawi Chhawng tah laihpa chhao a hao â chhih kaw hra. Eima reih mohnaohna hawhta he article rohtuhpa heta la a pachâ. Keimo nahta keimo azuapa hawh tlupo a châ. Chavâta, sawhkhâ biehneituhpazy lâta a byuhna hawhta chadai pazi awpa a peimawh kaw. Akheihhawhpa vâta tlyma ta, Lai reih ta tlyma, Maw reih ta tlyma ama moh a zâ roh hawpa mopakha moh Mara reih lâta so heih awpa a khohpazy châta chhochhi la hmo rupa châ vei. Court liata affidavit tao ta, thâtihbu liata papua ta Mara reih lâta thlai ta ri theipa a châ.

Marapa châ tlôh ta, Mara reih a thai leipazy nah ta kho dâh hawhta a cheih thei leipa nata a roh thei leipazy kyh a chyuta rei pâ tua sih la. Eima khizaw he buah kaw bâ ta, Marapasawzy khizaw râh to su to liata eima hiepaih pathao ngâ kaw bâ hra. Chavâta Maw reih a cheihpa Marapasaw zy, Viah reih a cheihpa Marapasaw zy, Khasi reih a cheihpa Marapasaw zy, Lai reih a cheihpa Marapasaw zy, Kaoh (Burmese) reih a cheihpa Marapasaw zy, Mongyuh reih a cheihpa Marapasaw zy, German reih a cheihpa Marapasaw zy, French reih a cheihpa Marapasaw zy nata rei hropa kheihhawhpa reih a cheihpa Marapasawzy ama vaw y laih aw. Atahmâ chhao ama y haw. Hezy heta, Mara reih cheih vei hraw ei sa la, Marapa ama châna liata sia ngâsâ thlah ha ei sa la, Marapa kyh ama pachâ kaw thlah ha khiahta cha, thailei pachâ ngâ kaw lei paw sih la, chhyh thai kaw ei suh u.

Eima thaona phôhpa liata Leikhaoh tawhta eima kaw puapa nahta Mawpa nata Marapazy ânano ta eima kaw puana kyh nata eima kaw puapa nah ta eima reih chhao ânano hawpa zy heta Marapa chô liata nata hro liata â i ngaitapata â pabu hapata â lâ. Marapa he Mawpa châ leipa pi ta, Laipa chhao châ hra leipa pi ta, Matupa chhao châ hra mapi, tahpa sia pih ta, Marapa eima châna my beih mapi. Marapa eima châpa eima palaikhei kaw. Marapa châna nata Mara reih zy palaiseihsa lymâ awpa khâchâ eimâ chhuah haw. Khazohpa ta maniah a tlyhpatlua ta, missionary eihpa eima râh lâ maniah vaw tuapa ta, Mara reih tlai ta Ano Khazohpa eimâ kaw chhy theipa zy heta he thaona phôhpa he a tha vaw patlô via heih ta, chi eihpa, Marapa eima châna liata eima sia via laih lymâ.

Marapa he Chin tlyma, Mizo tlyma eima châ hra ma, tahpa kyh he a chyu tata reih pâ tua hra sih la. Rei hawpa hawhta, Marapa châna liata sia kache haw pih ta a sy awpa rairai eimâ chhuah leina zy heta, Chin chyhsa nata Maw chyhsa thokha ta Marapasawzy pi cha tlâh-râh chyhsazy hmaohkhata Chin châ khoh awpa nata Mizo châ khoh awpa kyh liata chybâh lâkhâh a châpa hawhta maniah ama pachâ pâ ngâ kaw tyh. Châhrasala, hehawhta maniah ama pachâpa he a do vei. Marapasawzy cha eima Mara châna siesai hlei leipa nata pahlei hlei leipata Myanmar râh liata Myanmar chyhsa (citizen) châ pih ta, India râh liata India chyhsa (citizen) eima châpa hawhta eima Mara châna siesai leipa nata pahlei leipata Chin tlyma Mizo tlyma â châ thei khiahta cha peina y tu aw vei. He vâna heta Nochhi Marasawzy cha ngiaryh kawpata Chin tahpa liata amâ tlôh thei thlah ha hra.

Chin State liana cha Chin a châ via pachai eihpa chi y leipa ei ta, chi to pho to pahlypata, ama chi eihpa châna siesai hlei leipata hmaohkhata Chin ama châ khoh thei khaipa vâta Marapasawzy chhaota Myanmar chyhsa ama châpa yzie hawhta “Chin chyhsa eima châ” a tah ei sa la, Marapa ama châna pahleina châ hlei aw vei. Marapa ama châna chôta Chin ama châ pâ thei thlah ha. Haka-Thlantlang Lai deikua châ veih ei. Haka-Thlantlang nawh nah ta eimâ hnia kawna la a y tlai hra. Châhrasala, miakhapa châ hlei mapi. Eima reih thokha, eima pho thokha nata eima phoryhpa thokhazy a lyu ta â hnia kawna tawhta mopata, Haka-Thlantlang Lai chyhsa nata Marapasaw zy pi he khataih su rachhôh liata ma la hmaohkhata a zâ y khohpa chhao eima châ thei. Châhrasala, eimâ chhaihna vaw rei haw bâ ta, atahmâ cha reih nanopa a cheihpa chi nanopazy eima châ haw bâ. Hlychho cha Marapa châ ta, Hlawnchhing cha Haka-Thlantlang Laipa a châ. Zawthâh cha Marapa châ ta, Zathang cha Haka-Thlantlang Laipa a châ.

Notla Marapasawzy châta deikua “Mizo” eimâ tah thei lei nawpa chhâpa lai ngaitapa khazie rakhama a y. “Mizo tahpa moh heta Lusei (Mawpa) zy, Pawi (Lai) chyhsa zy, Marapa zy nata eikhano ta Chin-Kuki ama za tahpa tlâh-râh chyhsa zydua a pahly khai na, chavâta Marapa chhao Mizo nama châ hra na,” maniah tah ei ta, hehe “Mizo” tahpa moh a vaw hmôpapuatuhpazy hmochhuahpa la a châ tlai thlyu aw. Châhrasala nohto hro liata deikua a hmeihseihpa (practical) ta a hmâh thei vei. “Lushai/Lusei” za tah tyhpa chi nata reih zy kha “Mizo chi” nata “Mizo reih” tahpata ripa châ ta, chatanachata Lushai/Lusei chi nata Lushai/Lusei reih zy cha y khao leipata Mizo chi nata Mizo reih a cheihpa lâta amâ lie khai haw. Heliata eima ngia awpa peimawh ngaitapa sâkha cha hehe a châ. Lusei nawh châta cha ama Lusei châna zydua siesai khaipata Mizo lâta a lie awpa he rairuna di kha chhao hnei aw veih ei; ama siesai awpa nata ama pahlei awpa a y tlâ leipa vâta. Ama reih chei tyhpa chei pazao ei ta, ama phoryhpa za hnei tyhpa hnei pazao ei ta, moh ripa tlâ a châ chai. Atahmâno ta Mizo he eikhano ta Lusei kha a châ thlah hapa vâta, Marapa châta cha Mizo a tah awpa he a su thaipata pahno mapi, Lusei eima za châ beih leipa vâta. He vâna tlai heta, atanoh daihti liata cha Mara nata Lusei tahpata pananopa châ khao leipata Mara nata Mizo tahpata pananopa a châ haw bâ.

Chahawhta a châpa chhaota, he article rohtuhpa pachâ dâh liata cha, Mizo tahpa he Chin tahpa moh hmâ zie hawhta tlyma, Naga tahpa moh hmâ zie hawhta tlyma, hmâpa a châ khiahta cha Notla Marapazy chhao pi he Mizo eima châ theina kao a y thlah ha hra. Lusei nawhta âmo reih kha Mizo reih tahpata ama ripa hawhta, Chin State liata chi lai viapa sâkha ta âma reih kha Chin reih tahpata ri mawh ei sa la, Chin chyhsa chi hropazy châta Chin amâ tah khoh khao nah ta a ngia vei. Chahawhna hra cha ta, Naga râh liata chhaota chi lai viapa sâkha reih kha Naga reih tahpata tao haw mawh ei sa la, Naga chi hropazy ta Naga amâ tah khoh khao nah ta a ngia hra vei. Chahawhta ama tao leipa vâta Chin State liata Chin chyhsa chi nanopazy ta Chin a tah awpa ngiaryh leina hnei leipa ei ta, Naga chi nanopa zydua chhaota aly kawpata Naga amâ tah thei khai hra. Chahawhna hra cha ta, Mizoram liata chhaota Lusei kha pahlei leipata, Lusei, Lai, Mara, Hmar, Paite, etc zy heta Mizo châ khoh khai sih la, eima reihhlypa (common language) châta chhaota Lusei eima hmâ thlah hapa chhaota Mizo tah lei paw sih la, Lusei eima tah pazao khiahta cha, Marapa chhao pi he Mizo cha ngiaryh kawpata eima châ thlah ha thei hra nah ta pangiasa â chhih. Châhrasala, rei hawpa hawhta, chahawhta châ leipata, Lusei nata Mizo cha miakhapata hawhta hmôpa nata hmâpa a châ hawpa vâta, Notla Marapasawzy châta cha Mizo a tah awpa he a ru kaw. A su thaipata a lâ vei. Lusei a tah awpa hawhta a châ awpa vâta eima thaona phôhpa nah ta chhaota a chakhia kache haw aw. Chavâta Notla Marapasawzy châta cha “Mara” nata “Mizo” tahpa likawh bie he khasâ rakha taih ma a kaw sie chy thlyu aw.

 4. Marapa chi he maluh a pôh thei tu leipa eima vaw châ ei aw

Eima thaona phôhpa cheingei ta Marapa cha Mawnawh hawhta a hluh leipa, maluh chyh kawpa eima châ zie a palâsa. Eima phôhpa ta a palâsapa hawhta, Marapasaw he vaw pôh chahra tu tlai thlyu aw mapi. Eima pôh thai leina chhâpa rei awpa a y chili aw. Chariah liata eima thi hluhpa vâta châ thei aw ta, a mohôh dâh pha leipa vâta hri nata iah vâta hawsaih nata pitlohpazy chhao rai ama za thi patohpa nata thi hluhpa vâta chhao a châ thei hra aw. Hlâno cha po tlô khai kaw ta, potlana vâta ama za thi hluhpa vâta chhao a châ thei hra aw. Sâkha heih cha, Mararâh lâ he chi hropazy a vaw paih thei tu thlyu aw veih ei. Mapaih-mapaoh tahpata, mapaihzy cha za mohnao kaw tyh ei ta, chadei châ leipata, eima Mara châna nata pho kyh zy liata eima za sia tu hapa nata pa-ipacha tu hapa vâta, Mara hmeihseihpa lâta a lie awpa cha chi hropazy ta ru ama tah kaw thei aw. Hehe Mararâh lâ chi hropazy ta ama vaw paih ngâh leina nata a paih hluh leina chhâpa a châ thei aw. Chavâta, eima pôh awpa hawhta eima za pôh leina chhao a châ thei. Kaoh (Bama) nawh ama pôh chatliena chhâpa sâkha hawhta pachâ thei awpa cha, pho ama hnei leina he a châ ei aw. Chavâta, ama râh lâta a paih awpa ru leipa ta, a paihpazy chhao “mapaih” tahpata pathluapa nata mo nanona y leipata, a rei leipa liata Bama hmeihseihpa thlai ama châ thei lymâ.

Châhrasala, maluh chyhpa ama châpa chhaota, Mahnô-mahpawzy kha ama riah za chhie hlei leipa ta, amâ ngâ leipa za hnei veih ei. Chavâta atanoh keimo chhaota eima maluh chyna he riah chhiena, hnabeidyna nata a ngâ leina ta hmâh khah ei suh u. He eima maluh zie heta hmo phapa nata rôhnahpa hluhpi eima tao thei thlah haw. Chavâta, “Râh chaki liata maluh chyh chaipa, kupaza kha deipa, riethei sipasa chaipa, chyhsa chi ta rei khi chhao a tloh leipa nata rei tlâh leipa …” tahpa hawhpa reihkah he pathlie khao khah ei suh u. Hehe a reisina reihkah la a châ tlai. Châhrasala, a reisina pha chaipa châ vei. “Marapasaw, phopi rôhnahpa, chi tiamapa, chi ngâchhihpa …” tahpata eima moh a chhuah lymâ ei suh u.

5. Marapa thaona phôhpa nata Biehrai liata thaona phôhpa alyuna thokhazy   nata Marapasaw hmotyhpa nata Izarelsawzy hmotyhpa alyu kawna thokhazy

Mara thaona phôhpa liata zocharu a patlôsapa tlyma, zocharu moh hropa reina hri tlyma ta hmâpa “Khazohrâh” he Khazohpa moh nata châna reina nah ta a miakhapa a châ thei. “Khazo” cha Khazohpa tahna châ sa la, hrâh he a hrâhpa, chichhihpa, rarôh ypa, hmotaotheipa reina a châ thei. Khazohrâh nata chyhsazy leikhaoh (chhaoh-lei)tawhta ama kaw puapa azaona a hneipa nata Biehrai liata Khazohpa ta dohlei tawhta chyhsapa ataona kyh (Âthaona 2:7) zy he phôhpa miakhapa ama châ theina a nao kaw. Achu (research) tao via awpa byuh â chhih kaw. Cha dei châ vei. Ary liata palâsapa tawhta mopata Marapasawzy nata Izarelsawzy eima hmotyhpa nata khitlyna lâthlôhzy chhao alyu kawna ama hnei hra.

Izarel

·       Khazohpa ta dohlei tawhta chyhsapa a tao.


·       Khazohpa ta Izarel pathlatuhpa Abraha a moh cheingei ta a aw.

·       Chi hluhpizy hry tawhta Izarelsawzy cha Khazohpa ta aw ei ta, râh rôhnahpa nata phopi rôhnahpata tao ei ta, pho hropa nata râh hropazy châta byhnâ châ awpata a rao ei.


·       Babelaw chariah ta Izarel râh siehnaoh ta, Izarelsawzy cha Babelaw râh la sei ta a chhihpata y ei ta, pachhaihpazaohpa nata papaipatlapa ta ama y haw.

·       Chahawhta papaipatlapata chyhsa râh liata ama ypa chhaota, Izarelsawzy cha ama châna amy beih leipa ei ta, ama reih chhao pahlei veih ei.

·       Papaipatlapata ama yna tawhta Khazohpa ta Izarelsawzy cha ama râh lâ â chhi pakhua heih ei.

Mara

·       Khazohrâh ta chyhsapazy leikhaoh tawhta a kaw papua ei.

·       Mara pathlatuhpazy mohchhuahna chôta leikhaoh tawhta ama kaw pua.

·       Khazohpa ta Marapasawzy a tlyh ta, râh hropa hluhpi hlâta hmiapasapata a missionaryzy Mararâh lâ vaw tuah ta, Marapasawzy cha Ano a pahnopa phopi rôhnahpata tao ei ta, pho hropa nata râh hropazy châta byhnâ châ awpata a rao ei.

·       British ta Mararâh vaw siehnaoh ta, British a pai tawhta, India nata Burma sawhkhâzy ta Mararâh cha chiah no lâta pachhaihpata amâ rai haw.

·       Marapasawzy chhao ama yna râh chyu liata ama Mara châna my beih leipa ei ta, ama reih chhao pahlei leipata ama cheih pazao lymâ.

·       Marapasawzy cha râh no lâta pachhaihpa châ haw hra ei sa la, azaona phapa hnei pazao lymâ ei ta, Khatitama cha Khazohpa ta râh kha ta a soh heih aw ei.


  6. Bietlâhpakyuna

He Mara thaona phôhpa tawhta Marapa chithâtih nata hro alaichadaina kyh liata bietlâhpakyuna ta eima rei khohpa cha hehe a châ. Marapa he mohchhuahna chôta a vaw pihpa eima châpa hawhta, kyh toti liata tiama ta, hriapasa ta, adona, ngâchhihna, pathaihna, kyhpachâna nata Khazohpa china chô ta eima sie lymâ awpa nata hro lymâ awpa a châ. Hehe atanoh daihti liata Mararâh liata eima mohchhuah nawpa cha châ ta, râh hrolâzy eimâ chhuah laih nawpa chhao a châ hra. Hehawhta eima y khiahta cha, châthaipa nata kuzôthaipa hluhpi kaw pua lymâ aw ei ta, eima râh he hmahsiena lâ a pangai via laih lymâ aw. 

Chi eihpa nata reih eihpa a hneipa cha châ tlai pih ta, anodeikua hehawhta chi eihpa châ pih ta, reih eihpa eima hneipa vâta eima chheipâh liata chi hropa nata reih hropazy a khakhai ta eimâ hao awpa châ vei. Eima thaona phôhpa chhaota eima chheipâh liata chi hropazy nah ta leikhaoh miakha tawhta a kaw puapa eia châ khai zie maniah a chho. A yzie cha, chyhsa chi to pho to he thaona miakha tawhta a vaw puapa châ pih ta, chavâta unawh eima châ khai zie a palâsa. Atanoh daihti liata chhochhi cha, “khizaw râh zydua he khih khapa hawhta na a châ bâ” ama tahpa, Mongyuh reih ta global village (globalization) ama tahpa daihti liata y haw bâ pih ta, keimo deihtata khih a sa thai awpa châ khao mapi. Eimâ ngiah veichâh khai haw bâ. Chavâta eima chheipâh liata chi hropazy nata lâhla via lâta chi hropazy nah chhaota a chhohia thai kawpata eima y awpa a pha chai. Chi chyhnawh viapazy pahlei awpa (assimilation) deikua a chhuah tlâ lei paw sih la, eimâ nano na, tahpa a pyh khai sih la, opa phapa châ a chhuah ei suh u.

-----------------------------

Châbu asaohiahpa thokhazy

Barkataki, S. 1969. Tribes of Assam. New Delhi: National Book Trust.

Fachhai, L 1994. The Maras: From Warriors to Missionaries. Siaha: ECM Mission.

------, 2009. “Becoming Foreigners in One’s Own Land: The Mara People’s
Experience of the Division of their Land”, in K Robin (ed) 2009. Chin: History, Culture & Identity. New Delhi: Dominant Publishers and Distributors.

------, 2010. “A Brief Introduction to Mara History, Culture and Identity” in M Vabeiryureilai & Bobby Beingachhi (eds), Rediscovering Mara History, Culture and Identity. Siaha: Mara Research Society.

Lewin, TH. 1870. Wild Races of South-Eastern India. London: WH Allen & Co.

Lorrain, RA. 1912. Five Years in Unknown Jungles: For God and Empire. London: Lakher Pioneer Mission.

Lorrain, JH. 1940. Dictionary of the Lushai Language. Calcutta: Asiatic Society. Parry, NE 1932. The Lakhers. London: Mcmillan.

Vâkô, C 2006. “Marapasaw Lutaipa Chi eima Châ ma? Maraland.Net.

Zohra, K 1995. The Maras in Mizoram: A Study of their History and Culture. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Gauhati, Assam.


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